The invention relates to a superheating steam processing device for oil field steam injection and discloses a superheating boiler superheating steam desalting device for oil field steam injection and a utilization method thereof. The superheating boiler superheating steam desalting device for the oil field steam injection comprises a superheating boiler, a first-level steam-water separator, a heat exchanger and a second-level steam-water separator; a softened water feeding pipeline is fixedly installed on a water inlet of the superheating boiler; a first wet saturated steam pipeline is fixedly installed between a water outlet of a radiation section of the superheating boiler and an inlet of the first-level steam-water separator. According to the superheating boiler superheating steam desalting device for the oil field steam injection, the structure is reasonable and compact, the utilization is convenient, salt in the superheating steam is removed to some extent due to the two levels of steam-water separators, the salt removing rate is achieved 80% to 95%, blocking of a steam injection pipeline, an underground pipe column, an oil pumping pump and an oil layer caused by separation by crystallization of salt carried in the superheating steam is avoided, and a purpose of energy saving and consumption is further achieved.