The invention discloses an insulation safety instrument power frequency voltage withstanding breakdown positioning device and method. The device comprises current mutual inductors, a wireless voltage collecting and transmitting unit, wireless current collecting and transmitting units and a signal processing server, wherein the current mutual inductors are connected in low-voltage grounding loops of all insulation safety instruments to be experimented in series and are used for measuring the leakage current in a power frequency voltage withstanding measuring experiment; the wireless voltage collecting and transmitting unit is connected with the low-voltage sides of power frequency voltage dividers and is used for collecting and transmitting the voltage signals on the low-voltage sides of the power frequency voltage dividers; the wireless current collecting and transmitting units are connected the secondary sides of the current mutual inductors and are used for collecting and transmitting the current signals on the secondary sides of the current mutual inductors; the signal processing server is used for analyzing the signals collected by the current mutual inductors, the wireless voltage collecting and transmitting unit and the wireless current collecting and transmitting units and judging the breakdown position. By means of the insulation safety instrument power frequency withstand voltage breakdown positioning device and method, the breakdown position can be quickly positioned, so that the hidden insulation trouble brought out due to the fact that it is difficult to determine the breakdown position, repeated withstand voltage experiments are conducted, and thus insulation damage to a qualified insulation safety instrument is generated is avoided, and greater personal and equipment damage is avoided.