The invention relates to an information detection device and method for a DC feeder line circuit breaker. The device and method are low in cost, high in space utilization rate, and capable of achieving fault early warning, and information uploading is convenient. The device comprises the circuit breaker, a shunt, a circuit breaker current detection circuit, a circuit breaker overload detection circuit, a circuit breaker short circuit detection circuit, a circuit breaker position detection circuit, a processor circuit and a communication interface circuit; the circuit breaker current detection circuit detects working current signals of the circuit breaker and amplifies the working current signals, the circuit breaker overload detection circuit compares the amplified working current signals and an overload limiting value to obtain an overload level signal, the circuit breaker short circuit detection circuit compares the working current signals and a short circuit limiting value to obtain a short circuit pulse signal, the circuit breaker position detection circuit detects position level signals of the circuit breaker, and the processor circuit reads the position level signals and the overload level signal and captures the short circuit pulse signal for processing to obtain position information, overload information and short circuit tripping information of the circuit breaker.