The invention relates to the technical field of energy conservation and emission reduction simulation, in particular to a multi-agent interactive deduction simulation system capable of achieving energy conservation and emission reduction for energy consumption users. The system comprises a government Agent simulation unit, an energy conservation service company Agent simulation unit, an energy consumption enterprise Agent simulation unit, a system dynamics model establishment unit and an interactive unit. According to the multi-agent system, based on the actual data, the actions of all entities such as governments, high-energy-consumption enterprises, energy conservation service companies can be actually simulated, the purpose that the coping actions and the final energy conservation and emission reduction effect of other action body Agents can be observed through the action parameters of an individual in a human-computer interaction interface adjustment system, and the technology support and a simulation deduction platform are provided for formulating a long-term energy conservation and emission reduction mechanism by the governments and taking the corresponding energy conservation and emission reduction measures by the enterprises and companies.