The invention discloses a cancer early-stage automatic diagnosis and treatment effect inspection device with a special pre sharpening processing unit. The device integrates a specific fluorescence spectrometer, polarizing parts with different characteristics, a refrigeration centrifuge, a specific dilution device and a computer with a variety of software as a whole, can detect fluorescence spectrum and characteristic spectrum of patient's blood and variation characteristics of the fluorescence spectrum and characteristic spectrum, and 515nm main peak and 624nm characteristic peak intensity ratio, normalized half peak width of the main peak, parallel-vertical, vertical-parallel, parallel-parallel and vertical-vertical normalized intensity values of fluorescence polarization spectrum, and polarization degree, anisotropy and viscosity and other indexes of serum can be detected to achieve cancer early-stage diagnosis and treatment effect inspection. The device is characterized in that the five devices are integrated as an instrument for early diagnosis of various cancers. The diagnosis of principle is clear, operation is convenient, precision is high, speed is fast and cost is low, and the device can perform wound-free detection in vitro.