The invention provides a miniature optical fiber coupling photoelectric device and an adjustment method of the miniature optical fiber coupling photoelectric device. The device comprises a pipe shell and cover plate, a heat sink piece, a light-emitting chip, a shell connecting piece, a spherical adjustment piece and a metal optical fiber assembly. The miniature optical fiber coupling photoelectric device is suitable for optical fiber coupling of photoelectric devices such as semiconductor laser devices or solid laser devices, and has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to adjust and operate, reliable for a long time and the like.