The invention provides a chain belt type granulator for rapid one-step molding of high temperature liquid calcium carbide. The chain belt type granulator is provided with a conveying chain belt, which is provided with a plurality of calcium carbide dies and a calcium carbide scraping plate. Each of the calcium carbide dies is formed by back-to-back arrangement of two identical half dies. The calcium carbide scraping plate is used for strickling the high temperature liquid calcium carbide constantly, so that the high temperature liquid calcium carbide uniformly flows into the calcium carbide dies, and along with continuous conveying by the conveying chain belt, the high temperature liquid calcium carbide in the calcium carbide dies quickly cools into a solid calcium carbide block. The chain belt type granulator provided by the invention can efficiently break calcium carbide, omits a breaking process in a downstream PVC production process, avoids formation of powder caused by manual breaking of calcium carbide, and greatly reduces the waste of materials. In addition, as the volume of the calcium carbide block is greatly reduced, the surface area is increased, the heat dissipation rate is quickened, the calcium carbide cooling time is shortened, and workshop manpower and material resources, and floor occupation are saved.