The invention provides a high temperature dust-containing raw coke oven gas cooling, filtering and pyrolyzing device. The high temperature dust-containing raw coke oven gas cooling, filtering and pyrolyzing device comprises a vertical retort body, wherein a feeding hole and a discharge hole are respectively formed in the top and the bottom of the vertical retort body, an air exhausting hole is formed in the upper end of the vertical retort body, and at least one pair of air inlets is uniformly distributed in the circumference of the lower end of the vertical retort body, a feeding mechanism is arranged at the feeding hole, the feeding mechanism comprises a rotary feeding machine, the inlet of the rotary feeding machine is communicated with a hopper, the outlet of the rotary feeding machine is communicated with a material uniform distribution device; multiple air distribution plates are arranged at the air inlets, and a downwardly inclined ventilation hole is formed between every two adjacent air distribution plates. The high temperature dust-containing raw coke oven gas cooling, filtering and pyrolyzing device has the advantages that high temperature dust-containing coal gas and granular coal are adopted for carrying out heat exchange, the high temperature dust-containing coal gas is cooled while recycling of heat is enhanced, and a dust removal effect on the high temperature dust-containing coal gas can be improved; an air distribution plate structure is arranged at the air inlets, and the downwardly inclined ventilation holes are formed, so that coal gas entering the vertical retort body forms a uniform, convectional and rising air flow, and countercurrent of coal can be effectively prevented.