The invention discloses an air exhaust and fresh air heat exchange system which comprises an air duct. A horizontally-arranged middle plate is arranged in the middle of the air duct and divides the air duct into an air-exhaust air duct positioned on the upper portion and a fresh-air air duct positioned on the lower portion, a plurality of special-shaped honeycomb heat pipe air conditioner cold recovery heat exchangers are parallelly arranged in the air duct at intervals, each special-shaped honeycomb heat pipe air conditioner cold recovery heat exchanger hermetically penetrates the middle plate, is identical in structure and comprises a box with openings at two ends, a plurality of heat exchange pipe pieces are parallelly arranged in each box at intervals and are are identical in structure, a plurality of vertical pipe holes are formed in each heat exchange pipe piece at intervals, diameter of each pipe hole is smaller than 1mm, each pipe hole is filled with a working medium, a horizontal partition is arranged in the vertical middle of each box, and each heat exchange pipe piece hermetically penetrates the partition. The air exhaust and fresh air heat exchange system is suitable for various air-using places to provide a cold or heat recovery or fresh air preheating or precooling function, and can be widely applied to places, high in fresh air quantity demand, like workshops and shopping malls.