The invention relates to an electric field sensor for measuring electromagnetic pulses. The electric field sensor is characterized by comprising a D-dot antenna, the D-dot antenna is successively connected with an active integrating circuit and an electric-to-optical conversion circuit so as to convert differential signals output by the antenna into original electric field signals after electric field signals in space are received and finally modulate the original electric field signals into optical signals for transmission through fibers. According to the electric field sensor for measuring the electromagnetic pulses, the electric field signals are received by use of the D-dot differential antenna, and the active integrating circuit is developed for processing the output signals of the antenna, such that the response bandwidth and the sensitivity of the sensor are improved. The antenna and a sensor main body are mounted and dismounted through threads, so that the sensitivity of the electric field sensor can be adjusted through adjusting the length of the antenna, and carrying and transportation are facilitated.