The invention discloses an error analysis method for simulating calculation of short-circuit current. According to the method, the short-circuit current of all buses and all circuits during faults in a power grid is calculated by using a real-time simulation ADPSS (Advanced Digital Power System Simulator) system of a large power grid. The error analysis method comprises the following steps of firstly, establishing a real-time simulation system model of the large power grid, and covering power grid operation data of certain prince and national networking data in the model; secondly, calculating short-circuit current data of different fault points in the power grid by using a short-circuit current calculation module of a simulation system model, wherein the short-current current data comprise single-phase short circuit, three-phase short circuit and the like; comparing the short-circuit current data with recording data for actual accidents in the power grid to determine the calculation error of the short-circuit current of the simulation system. The short-circuit current calculation data of the simulation system are corrected, so that an accurate shirt-circuit current calculation value is obtained. The error analysis method disclosed by the invention is suitable for error calculation of short-circuit current simulation of a power system.