The invention discloses a household photovoltaic cell automatic tracking system and method based on image analysis. The system comprises a bottom plate, a light-shading plate arranged above the bottom plate, an image acquisition device, an image analysis device and a photovoltaic plate, wherein the light-shading plate is for generating a shadow image on the bottom plate when sunlight shines on the light-shading plate; the image acquisition device is for collecting the shadow image and outputting the shadow image to the image analysis device; and the image analysis device is for carrying out analysis processing on the shadow image to obtain elevation angle and orientation of the sun, and adjusting and controlling the rotation position of the photovoltaic plate based on the elevation angle and orientation.