The embodiment of the invention provides a positioning method and device based on an electronic map. The method comprises the steps of obtaining a location point and a first direction in the electronic map at present; searching for one or a plurality of navigation objects in a preset range in the electronic map; establishing a coordinate system according to the first direction; calculating azimuth information of the one or plurality of navigation objects relative to the location point in the coordinate system. Since the coordinate system is established by taking a user himself as a reference, the most intuitive sense of direction is provided to the user, the simplicity and convenience of positioning operation are improved, the positioning is conducted through the azimuths of the navigation objects, one or a plurality of auxiliary objects is used as a reference and the positioning accuracy and success rate are greatly improved.