Embodiments relate to branch prediction preloading. An aspect includes a system for branch prediction preloading. The system includes an instruction cache and branch target buffer (BTB) coupled to a processing circuit, the processing circuit configured to perform a method. The method includes fetching a plurality of instructions in an instruction stream from the instruction cache, and decoding a branch prediction preload instruction in the instruction stream. An address of a predicted branch instruction is determined based on the branch prediction preload instruction. A predicted target address is determined based on the branch prediction preload instruction. A mask field is identified in the branch prediction preload instruction, and a branch instruction length is determined based on the mask field. Based on executing the branch prediction preload instruction, the BTB is preloaded with the address of the predicted branch instruction, the branch instruction length, the branch type, and the predicted target address.