The invention relates to a vaccine composition and application thereof in medicines, and in particular relates to a vaccine composition or a vaccine preparation which is prepared from nano microspheres coated with HPV L1 protein, and application of the vaccine composition or the vaccine preparation in medicines for treating or preventing HPV virus. Specifically, aiming at the influence of the particle size and combination of the nano microspheres, nano microsphere materials and a nano microsphere antigen loading mode on the immune response of HPV L1 antigen protein, PLGA, PLA, PLGA/PC nano microspheres of which the particle sizes are uniform or different are designed and prepared, the nano microspheres are coated with or adsorb HPV L1 antigen protein so as to prepare the vaccine composition or the vaccine preparation, the influence of the vaccine composition or the vaccine preparation on the in-vivo immune response intensity and the level is studied, and an efficient HPV L1 protein vaccine composition is developed.