The invention discloses a quick cooling die for aluminum pistons produced through gravity casting. The quick cooling die comprises an outer die upper block and an outer die lower block which are combined together vertically; the outer die upper block is provided with a cooling channel; the top of the outer die upper block is provided with a top die matched with the outer die upper block; the top die is also provided with a cooling channel; pin cores are horizontally arranged on the outer die lower block; a cooling channel is formed in each pin core; an inner core which is closely matched with two pin cores is arranged between the two pin cores left and right; a cooling channel is formed in the inner core; except the cooling channel of the top die, cooling tubes are arranged in all cooling channels. By adopting the structure, the quick cooling die for the aluminum pistons produced through gravity casting can realize modular production, the preparation time for the die can be shortened, and the capacity of piston manufacturers to respond production change is improved. Meanwhile, the die is easier to produce and maintain, and the production cost is reduced.