The invention discloses a system and a technology for intelligent throttling in a natural gas well, and belongs to the technical field of natural gas exploitation. The system comprises an aground mechanism, a downhole mechanism and a connecting component. The aground mechanism and the downhole mechanism are connected with each other through the connecting component to communicate with each other. The aground mechanism comprises an industrial personal computer, a temperature and pressure interrogator, a motion control card, a power source and a control software unit of the industrial personal computer. The downhole mechanism comprises an intelligent throttling device and a sensor capable of monitoring temperatures and pressure before and after throttling. The intelligent throttling device comprises a motor, a speed reducer, a coupler, a transmission switching mechanism, a valve rod, a throttling valve seat and a valve core. The throttling valve seat is connected with an oil pipe through a threaded fastener, and the oil pipe is formed integrally. The system and the technology have the advantages that the flow area between a downhole flow nipple and the throttling valve seat is adjusted by an aground control system according to actual downhole environments, long-distance automatic or semi-automatic throttling and depressurizing can be realized, and accordingly, optimum gas well production is achieved.