The invention provides a temperature compensation device and a temperature compensation method for a microwave filter. The temperature compensation device comprises a hollow stud, a red copper corrugated pipe, a metal circular disc, a driving motor, a regulating rod, a support frame, an adapter sheet, a movable shaft and a spring, wherein the regulating rod is used for changing the position of the movable shaft in a guide groove of the support frame, the tight locking can be realized, the support frame is used for fixing each part and is provided with the guide groove, the adapter sheet is used for properly correcting the movement of the driving motor and then converting the movement into the movement of the metal circular disc, the movable shaft is used for being matched with the regulating rod, the support frame and the adapter sheet, the goal of correcting the moving speed is achieved, and the spring is used for ensuring the synchronous movement of the metal circular disc and the driving motor. The temperature compensation device and the temperature compensation method have the advantages that two temperature points are used for actually debugging the filter, and the complexity and the uncertainty for compensating the preset offset of a mechanism are avoided, so the temperature stability of the filter is more accurate and more reliable.