The invention discloses a monitoring module for a computer operation system. Key tasks are managed and simulated by using a software module, and each task has an independent watchdog. The monitoring module consists of a watchdog resource sub-module, a watchdog external calling interface sub-module and a watchdog monitoring sub-module, wherein the three sub-modules are connected through communication interfaces which are provided by the sub-modules respectively; programs in each sub-module operate in a synchronous and mutually exclusive manner. According to the monitoring module, the problem of dependence on hardware watchdogs and the number thereof during use of the watchdog mechanism by a user can be solved, the design complexity caused by the hardware watchdogs is reduced to a certain extent, and the cost is reduced. Since the watchdog used by each key task is mutually independent, and cross synchronization of the watchdogs is not required, the complexity of software design is greatly reduced, and watchdog failure caused by artificial reasons is avoided; meanwhile, since the bark periods of the watchdogs can be set independently, the real-time performance for response of the watchdog mechanism is substantially enhanced.