The invention discloses an ingate anti-impact damping supporting structure and belongs to the technical field of mining and shaft building. The supporting structure sequentially comprises a high-toughness reinforced concrete pouring layer, a composite foam metal pad layer (a main energy adsorbing and damping layer) and an anchor rope grouting reinforcement layer; the high-toughness reinforced concrete pouring layer, the composite foam metal pad layer and the anchor rope grouting reinforcement layer are combined to form the strong-weak-strong supporting structure; the composite foam metal pad layer is tightened on a concrete lining outside the anchor rope grouting reinforcement layer to form a main energy adsorbing and damping metal pad layer. According to the ingate anti-impact damping supporting structure, a rigid structure and a flexible structure are coupled together, so that a synergetic deformation effect of the supporting structure is played, the damage effect of impact shockwaves is effectively absorbed and weakened, and the problem of disasters of damage and cracking of surrounding rocks, unstability of the supporting structure and the like which are caused by large deformation of a highly centralized static stress and a dynamic impact load of an ingate is solved.