The invention discloses a vibration detection method based on coherent optical time domain reflection, and belongs to the field of vibration detection. The method comprises the following steps: providing N paths of pulse laser of which the wavelengths are different, wherein the time interval of two continuous pulses in each path of pulse laser is larger than or equal T, the time interval between two continuous pules in different paths of pulse laser is less than T, T=2Ln/C, L is the length of a measurement optical fiber, C is a vacuum speed of light, n is the fiber core refractive index of the measurement optical fiber, and N is larger than or equal to 2; multiplexing N paths of pulse laser; inputting the multiplexed pulse laser into the measurement optical fiber; separating output backward Rayleigh scattered light; performing photoelectric conversion on the separated Rayleigh scattered light to obtain an electric signal; positioning the vibration by adopting the electric signal. By adopting the vibration detection method, the problem of low signal sampling frequency since only one pulse laser is allowed to exist in the measurement optical fiber in the prior art is solved, the sampling frequency of a vibration signal is increased, and the vibration signal obtained by sampling is more complete.