The invention provides a neighbor cell optimization method and a neighbor cell optimization device. The neighbor cell optimization method comprises the following steps of acquiring update times that a mobile terminal staying in a first cell is subjected to cell updating in a second cell; if the times of cell updating are greater than or equal to a preset first threshold, and no second cell exists in a neighbor cell table of the first cell, acquiring an average value of signal intensities of all cell updating of the mobile terminal in the second cell; comparing the average value of the signal intensities with a preset second threshold; when the average value of the signal intensities is greater than or equal to the second threshold, extracting a reason value of cell updating; determining whether the second cell is an actual neighbor cell of the first cell or not according to the reason value. According to the neighbor cell optimization method and the neighbor cell optimization device disclosed by the invention, on the basis of counting the cell updating times, second cell is the actual neighbor cell of the first cell or not is determined by using the signal intensities of the cell updating, cell updating reasons and the distance between every two cells, so that a large amount of human and material resources for checking the relationship of the neighbor cells are reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.