The invention relates to a very high gravity (VHG) ethanol fermentation technology by using a surfactant and water as the media, wherein the surfactant enhances the concentration of ethanol generated by yeast fermentation in the water. Glucose is used as a raw material and supplemented with a nonionic surfactant-water mixture as the fermentation medium, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is inoculated for very high gravity ethanol fermentation without adding any nutritional component. The invention adopts non-ionic using surfactant instead of water to increase the concentration of substrate, and VHG ethanol fermentation on substrate with concentration of 30% is carried out directly, so as to obtain the VHG fermentation end product ethanol. The technology can reduce water consumption and production cost, and increase fermentation efficiency.