The invention discloses a frontal pool water level control method for an energy characteristic test of a channel diversion-type hydropower station water turbine. The method includes the following steps that (1), an arrangement of at least four acoustic paths is adopted; (2), all transducer cables are led out of a flowing channel, connected into a front unit and connected with a notebook computer, and adjusting is performed under the condition that water exits in the flowing channel; (3), a recording interval is set in flow measuring software of the notebook computer, the starting time and ending time of each working condition are recorded, and after each working condition is tested, historical data can be exported and analyzed according to the starting time and ending time of the test. Novel channel transducers variable in acoustic path angle are adopted, in this way, installing is convenient, flow measuring precision is improved, and the test precision of a system is improved.