The present disclosure provides a vehicle-carried quick inspection system (11). The vehicle-carried quick inspection system may comprise an X-ray source (12) and a detector (13), the X-ray source and the detector being arranged to form an inspection passage. The vehicle-carried quick inspection system further comprises a controller (18) configured to control the X-ray source so that X-ray irradiation dose is extremely low when the driver's cab of the inspected vehicle passes through an X-ray beam, and control the X-ray source so that the irradiation dose of the X-ray source becomes a working dose when the other subsequent portions of the inspected vehicle pass through the X-ray beam. With the vehicle-carried quick inspection system of the present disclosure, a mobile and fully automated security inspection system is obtained and quick inspection can be achieved, while protecting the driver from being damaged from X-ray irradiation. Compared to fixed inspection systems or mobile inspection systems in prior arts, the vehicle-carried quick inspection system of the present disclosure can provide more convenient and quicker inspection.