The invention provides a series capacitance compensation device unbalanced current optimizing method based on a genetic algorithm. The method comprises the following steps that (1), a female parent chromosome is constructed according to the installing condition of a capacitor bank in a series capacitance compensation device; (2), according to the actual requirement, the constraint condition, the elite sequence number T, the mutation probability Pm, the maximum cycle index K and the fitness threshold value F of cross and variation are set; (3), a fitness function formula reflecting the intensity of the unbalanced current in the capacitor bank is set up, and fitness of the chromosome is calculated according to the fitness function formula; (4), the chromosome is optimized continuously by means of the steps of self-cross, variation and selection; (5), the adjustment scheme of a capacitor unit in the capacitor bank is given according to the optimal offspring chromosome. By the adoption of the genetic algorithm, the adjustment scheme of the unbalanced current in the capacitor bank can be found fast, the determinacy of adjustment control is improved, time for handling faults of the series capacitance compensation device is shortened, and the work efficiency is improved.