The invention relates to a dome light illumination self-adaptive control system. A dome light comprises a light source and a power connection control switch connected with the light source, the light source is a brightness-adjustable light source, the dome light illumination self-adaptive control system comprises a power connection control switch action triggering unit, a power connection control switch action detection and judgment unit, an image capturing unit, a face image detection and judgment unit, a face image extraction unit, an eyelid-pupil proportion calculation unit, an eyelid-pupil proportion comparison unit, a light source work detection unit, a light source work instruction execution unit, a light source brightness detection unit, a light source brightness instruction execution unit and an instruction sending unit. Intelligent detection is achieved through data transmission among the units, and then real-time intelligent adjustment is achieved for work of the light source, so that the illumination brightness of the dome light is automatically adjusted along with the feeling of the human eyes. The whole self-adaptive control system takes the comfortable feeling of the eyes of users into full account in the designing process, and the humanized design concept is embodied.