The invention discloses a detection device capable of quickly quantifying hole position deviations in the field of automobile parts. The detection device comprises a base, a detection pin, a positioning mechanism and a dial indicator, wherein the detection pin comprises a positioning section, a detection section, a positioning ring, a guiding shaft and a handle mounting section which are connected coaxially and sequentially from left to right, the positioning section adopts a conical structure, the detection section adopts an elongated structure, the cross section of the detection section is square, and axial notches are formed in front and back sides of the right half part of the guiding shaft respectively to form an anti-rotation section; the positioning mechanism comprises a fixing plate, a first positioning block, a second positioning block, a third positioning block, a sliding block and a sliding rail. The detection device can measure specific deviation values of holes accurately, the commissioning efficiency is greatly improved, and the product quality is improved. The invention discloses a detection method capable of quickly quantifying the hole position deviations in the field of the automobile parts. With the adoption of the method, the technical effects can also be realized.