Provided is a method and device for transmitting and receiving data. The data transmission method comprises a first terminal device receiving a first rotation indicator sent by a base station; the first terminal device, based on the first rotation indicator, performing angle rotation processing on a first data symbol using a first angle, and generating a first angle rotation data symbol; the first terminal device performing modulation processing on the first angle rotation data symbol, and generating a first modulation data symbol; the first terminal device transmitting the first modulation data symbol to the base station on a physical resource, enabling the base station to perform demodulation on the first modulation data symbol sent by the first terminal device on the physical resource and a second demodulation data symbol sent by a second terminal device on the physical resource. To a certain extent, the present method reduces interference between data transmitted at a same frequency and in a same time slot, thereby improving the data receiving performance of the receiving terminal.