The invention discloses an artificial rock core casting mold with a supporting mechanism. The artificial rock core casting mold comprises a groove base, an inner tube, a supporting mechanism, an outer tube and a cover plate; an annular groove is formed in the groove base; one end of the inner tube is installed in the annular groove, the inner tube comprises a first inner tube tile and a second inner tube tile, and the first inner tube tile is connected with the second inner tube tile through an oblique surface; the supporting mechanism comprises a main supporting pipe and at least two arc rods, which are hinged to the main supporting pipe, and each arc rod is detachably installed on the inner wall of the inner tube; one end of the outer tube is fixedly installed on the groove base, and a mold cavity is formed between the outer tube and the inner tube. The other end of the outer tube is fixedly installed on the cover plate; the cover plate is installed at the other end of the inner tube in a sleeving mode. The spliced inner tube which can be easily disassembled is adopted, and the inner tube is fixed and supported by virtue of the supporting mechanism, so that success in mold stripping can be realized, and the quality of an artificial rock core can be guaranteed.