The invention provides an SOA-based data source switching method. The method includes configuring data source connecting ponds with multiple background databases in an SOA application, and allowing each data source connecting pond to correspond to one JNDI name; establishing a JNI. properties file, and configuring the correspondences of the JNDI names and agreed parameter values; during program operation, analyzing the JNI. properties file according to the agreed parameter values so as to acquire a target JNDI name corresponding to the target data source; establishing the connection with a target background database according to the target JNDI name so as to acquire the target data source from the target background database. Correspondingly, the invention further provides an SOA-based data source switching system. According to the technical scheme, the problem of repeated coding for acquiring database connection in actual projects is reduced, the problem of multiple database resume database connection switch in the projects can be solved, and the data can be stored, updated and queried conveniently.