The invention discloses a split type coal-gas adsorption desorption and outburst test device, which comprises a cylindrical coal sample chamber. The coal sample chamber is provided with several pressure temperature sensors able to detect molded coal temperature and gas pressure. Hydraulic loading equipment able to stretch into the coal sample chamber and apply axial ground stress is fixedly mounted at one end of the coal sample chamber, the other end is provided with a coal-gas blowout port communicated with the coal sample chamber during work, and a quick release mechanism is disposed at the coal-gas blowout port to control the blowout port breakover. The hydraulic loading equipment is connected to a piston rod through a universal joint, and the tail end of the piston rod is connected to a surface type inflation loading disc in contact with a coal sample placed in the coal sample chamber during test. The invention also discloses a test method using the device. The device and the method provided by the invention can research the adsorption desorption characteristics of coal to gas and the coal-gas outburst mechanism when molded coal is under different ground stress and gas pressure conditions.