The invention relates to a water-saving wheat variety identification screening method. The method includes the following steps that (1) water use efficiency of winter wheat varieties is identified and evaluated under two water conditions of irrigation and drought respectively; the water use efficiency of wheat varieties is evaluated through transpiration water consumption of a whole growth period of single plant grain yield/single plant wheat varieties; total water content in soil of each pot during harvesting is minus total water content in soil of each pot during sowing to obtain a value which is then plus complementary water amount after sowing and before harvesting/plant numbers of each pot to obtain total transpiration water consumption amount of the whole growth period of single plant wheat varieties; (2) total transpiration water consumption amount of the whole growth period of single plant wheat varieties is measured under drought condition and irrigation condition respectively by pot planting tests. The wheat variety whole growth period includes a complete growth period from sowing to harvesting, varieties with really high water use efficiency can be identified by the method in stead of high yield varieties under the irrigation condition, the screened varieties have high grain yield level and high water use efficiency, and the guidance for production is high.