The invention relates to a rapid drying oven which is convenient to carry and used for drying soil/sediment/sludge. The drying oven comprises an oven body, and ventilation openings are formed in the oven body. Ignition buttons, a spherical valve and needle valves are arranged on the front side face of the oven body. A drying chamber, a control chamber and an air source chamber are sequentially arranged in the oven body from left to right. A combustion support is arranged in the drying chamber, heating boxes are arranged on the combustion support, and combustion heads and ignition needles are fixed to the combustion support. A reducing valve, electronic pulse igniters and a battery box are arranged in the control box. An air inlet assembly body, an air storage tank and a clamping piece are arranged in the air source chamber. The air inlet of the reducing valve is connected with the air inlet assembly body through a gas pipeline, and the air outlet of the reducing valve is connected with the lower portions of the combustion heads through gas pipelines. The rapid drying oven has the advantages of being simple in structure, convenient to carry and use, high in drying efficiency, and good in stability and the like.