The invention relates to the technical field of foods and discloses a solid fermentation culture device and a solid fermentation culture method. According to the solid fermentation culture device, a ventilated type solid culture device is utilized for culturing, and the output of a heat preservation device, a humidification device, a loosening mechanism and an air supply mechanism is controlled by monitoring the temperature difference and pressure difference at the air inlet and the air return port in real time. A fermentation culture state of solid materials is judged by virtue of the temperature difference, and the loosening degree and uniformity of the solid materials can be reflected by virtue of the pressure difference. The temperature difference and the pressure difference are monitored in real time, the self-growth characteristics of the materials are combined, each stage of the solid material fermentation culture process is accurately mastered, the heat preservation device, the humidification device, the loosening mechanism and the air supply mechanism are controlled in real time, and an optimal environment is provided for solid fermentation. Complex output operation does not need to be performed, so that good control can be realized by virtue of the temperature difference and the pressure difference, the overall state of the solid materials is reflected by the temperature difference and the pressure difference, and the precision is high.