The invention is applicable to the technical field of dish washing equipment, and discloses a dish washing machine and a washing and water discharging method of the dish washing machine. The dish washing machine comprises an inner liner, a spraying arm, a washing pump and a water distribution component, wherein the water distribution component is provided with a washing passage and a water discharge passage, and comprises a water distribution body, a water distribution component and a driving element, the water distribution body is provided with a water distribution cavity, and the water distribution component is used for switching and communicating the washing passage and the water discharging passage. The method comprises the following steps that the driving element drives the water distribution component to seal and block the water discharging passage, the washing pump operates and pumps water to the water distribution cavity, water flow is conveyed to the spraying arm from the washing passage and falls into the inner liner after being ejected out from the spraying arm, and the water in the inner liner is sucked to the washing pump by the washing pump and is pumped to the water distribution cavity; the driving element drives the water distribution mechanism to seal and block the washing passage, the water discharging passage is communicated, and the water in the inner liner is discharged out from the water discharging passage. The dish washing machine and the washing and water discharging method of the dish washing machine provided by the invention have the advantages that tableware sewage after washing can be completely discharged, the sanitation risk is avoided, and the reliability is good.