The invention relates to a preparation method for improving asphalt performance by using coal direct liquefied residues and belongs to the field of pavement petroleum asphalt. The coal direct liquefied residues modified asphalt which is excellent in performance and low in price is prepared by adding 5-10% of granular coal direct liquefied residues and 2-3% of rubber oil into matrix asphalt to be stirred at a high temperature (150-160 DEG C), so that the additional value of the coal direct liquefied residues is improved. As the coal direct liquefied residues, the rubber oil and petroleum asphalt are same substances and are good in compatibility, the separation phenomenon is avoided. Meanwhile, the price for improving asphalt performance by using coal direct liquefied residues is far lower than that of conventional SBS modified asphalt, so that the preparation method is an economical and practical technical method.