The invention provides a tubular photo-bioreactor based on a built-in fluid driven rotor. The tubular photo-bioreactor comprises a liquid storage buffer device, a tubular photo-bioreactor with the built-in fluid driven rotor, an illuminating device inside a tube, a gas supply device, an illuminating device outside the tube, a heat preservation device and a detection device, wherein the illuminating device inside the tube consists of an illuminant central shaft, an optical conductor and a light source emitter; and the gas supply device consists of a gas supply pipeline, a gas supply valve and a porous aeration device. The tubular photo-bioreactor based on the built-in fluid driven rotor can be used for solving the difficulties that algae grow by adhering to pipe walls, shade light, reduce the productivity and restrict the expansion of pipe diameters; the liquid mixing is promoted and uniform distribution of nutrition is realized to ensure that algal cells contact and absorb CO2 gas and nutrient salts to the maximum extent; 360-degree illumination without shadow regions of equipment can be realized, the utilization ratio of light by the algal cells is increased, and the production rate of algal culture is increased; and a gas supply system is used for supplementing CO2 for the whole reaction pipelines section by section according to needs, and discharging O2 out of the reactor to eliminate light inhibitory action.