The invention discloses a method for improving the hydrolysis efficiency of corn straw and obtaining xylose and glucose simultaneously, and relates to a method for improving the corn straw hydrolysis efficiency and obtaining xylose and glucose simultaneously. The method aims at reducing the probability of precipitation side reaction of extract during hydrothermal pretreatment, hydrolyzing pretreated hemicellulose by adding xylanase and Beta-xylosidase, and improving the hydrolysis efficiency of corn straw subjected to hydrothermal pretreatment and obtaining xylose. The method comprises the following steps: crushing the corn straw, mixing the crushed corn straw with 5%-ethyl alcohol, shaking, separating and collecting solid-phase materials, drying the solid-phase materials, adding the solid-phase materials to a reaction kettle, heating to 180 to 200 DEG C and keeping the temperature for 20 min, and adding xylanase, Beta-xylosidase, cellulose and Beta-glucosaccharase for enzymolysis. According to the method, the extract is removed before hydrothermal pretreatment, the probability of precipitation side reaction of the extract during pretreatment is furthest reduced, the hindering effect on the cellulose by precipitate is reduced, and the hydrolysis efficiency is improved.