The invention discloses a downward flow self-control adjusting valve of a hydraulic elevator. The downward flow self-control adjusting valve of the hydraulic elevator comprises an adjusting valve core and an oil cylinder body mounted on an adjusting valve body, a flow groove is formed on the valve core, a front cover is mounted on the front end of the cylinder body and a rear cover is mounted at the rear end of the cylinder body, a piston and a piston rod are formed in the cylinder body, the piston is used for dividing the inner cavity of the cylinder body into the front cavity and the rear cavity, an oil through body is mounted on the rear cover, the rear part of the piston rod extends into the oil through body, the front end of the piston rod extends outside the front cover, an air hole is formed in the piston rod, a hollow cavity is formed in the front part of the piston rod, the front end of the hollow cavity is provided with an end cover, a small piston is arranged in the hollow cavity, the small piston is used for dividing the hollow cavity into the front oil cavity and the rear air cavity, the air hole is connected with the rear air cavity and the rear air cavity is filled with the air pressure, a small piston rod is formed on the small piston, the small piston rod extends outside the end cover, a connection rod is mounted on the small piston rod and the connection rod is connected with the valve core of the adjusting valve.