The invention relates to an industrial enterprise pollutant emission monitoring method based on high-frequency power data. The method comprises the steps that S1, the quantity relation between the electricity consumption quantity and the pollutant emission quantity of an industrial enterprise is established; S2, an intelligent electric meter monitors the real-time electricity consumption quantity of the industrial enterprise, the real-time pollutant emission quantity is calculated according to the step S1, the electricity consumption quantity of the industrial enterprise is adjusted based on the real-time pollutant emission quantity, and the pollutant emission quantity of the industrial enterprise is controlled by adjusting the electricity consumption quantity of the industrial enterprise; S3, the step S2 is repeated, and the adjusted electricity consumption quantity of the industrial enterprise continues to be monitored. Compared with the prior art, the industrial enterprise pollutant emission monitoring method based on the high-frequency power data has the advantages that the atmospheric pollutant emission quantity can be controlled within a certain range, so that the urban air quality is guaranteed, the universality is high, operation is convenient, and the environmental protection effect is good.