The invention relates to an energy saving and economic operation evaluation system under a power grid planning scheme. The system sequentially comprises the following steps of basic information collection and maintenance, historical operation result evaluation, planning scheme making, planning simulation result calculation, multi-layer index evaluation and result comprehensive evaluation. All state indexes of historical operation of a power system can be analyzed, and the system operation state which is not optimized can be known and evaluated. The power grid planning scheme is achieved. Load prediction, power supply planning and a power transmission and transformation planning result for middle or short term power grid planning are achieved, the planning scheme is made on the premise of guaranteeing safe and stable operation of the power system, and the system can be suitable for different optimization targets of economical efficiency, energy saving performance and the like. The evaluation system of the planning scheme is achieved. The comprehensive and multi-layer evaluation system is built, and rationality, economical efficiency, energy saving performance and environmental protection of the planning scheme result are deeply analyzed and evaluated, longitudinal comparison of various indexes under multiple planning schemes can be achieved, and the planning scheme optimization effect is comprehensively known.