The invention discloses a charge-discharge controlling system and method for a high-frequency high-voltage power supply for electric precipitation. The charge-discharge controlling system comprises a DC bus, a first circuit breaker, a hand operation device, a charging and discharging circuit and a second circuit breaker, wherein the DC bus is closed when the high-frequency high-voltage power supply is charged, and works normally; the first circuit breaker is switched off when the high-frequency high-voltage power supply is discharged; the hand operation device is connected with the high-frequency high-voltage power supply through an RS 485 bus; the charging and discharging circuit is connected with the DC bus and a filter capacitor; the second circuit breaker is connected in parallel with the two ends of the charging and discharging circuit; the second circuit breaker is closed when the high-frequency high-voltage power supply works normally, and is switched out when the high-frequency high-voltage power supply is charged and discharged; the hand operation device comprises an input module, a voltage detection module and a control module; the voltage detection module is used for detecting the voltage at the two ends of the filter capacitor; the control module is used for controlling the first circuit breaker and the second circuit breaker to be closed and switched off according to a user operating order received by the input module, and controlling the charging and discharging circuit to conduct charging and discharging. According to the invention, the hand operation device is adopted to control a charge-discharge process of the high-frequency high-voltage power supply, so as to be convenient to operate.