A detection system and method for predicting a task-performing ability of a soldier, the system comprising: a detection device (10) worn by a soldier for detecting physical exertion data of the solider and for transmitting the physical exertion data to a detection platform (20); and the detection platform (20) for comparing the received physical exertion data with a pre-stored stamina model of the solider, analyzing the remaining stamina of the solider according to a comparison result and determining a task performing ability of the solider. By detecting remaining stamina, the physical condition of a solider in battle can be accurately known, thus accurately predicting a combat ability of the solider.