The invention provides a power transmission line anti-icing device based on electric heating type hydrophobic materials. The power transmission line anti-icing device based on the electric heating type hydrophobic materials is arranged on the tower, the transmission wire and the insulator of a transmission line, wherein the insulator is fixedly connected with the transmission wire. The power transmission line anti-icing device based on the electric heating type hydrophobic materials is characterized in that the transmission wire is coated with a wire insulating layer, and the wire insulating layer is coated with a first conducting coating for emitting heat to melt ice; the insulator is covered with a second conducting coating; the transmission wire is provided with an equipotential point electrically connected to the first conducting coating; the first conducting coating and the second conducting coating are connected with a conducting soft connecting wire. The power transmission line anti-icing device based on the electric heating type hydrophobic materials also comprises a gravity switch, which can be electrically connected to the second conducting coating and the tower under the action of gravity of ice coating. The power transmission line anti-icing device based on the electric heating type hydrophobic materials can accurately determine whether ice coating occurs on the transmission line, is more accurate and more reasonable in a thermal effect ice melting control mode, saves a series of complex, time-consuming and labor-consuming operations of personnel such as real-time monitoring, line patrol measurement and ice treading inspection, and is economical, simple and reliable in technology implementation.