The invention discloses a vertical shaft shearing-type household garbage crusher which comprises a crushing device arranged in a crushing chamber, wherein the crushing device comprises a vertical rotating shaft and multiple layer crushing mechanisms arranged on the vertical rotating shaft; the vertical rotating shaft and the crushing chamber are arranged coaxially; each layer crushing mechanism comprises moving knives and stationary knives for shearing household garbage; the moving knives are fixedly mounted on an upper support and uniformly and radially distributed along the periphery; the upper support is mounted on the vertical rotating shaft; the stationary knives are mounted on a lower support and uniformly and radially distributed along the periphery of the vertical rotating shaft; the lower support is mounted in the crushing chamber; a feed opening is formed in the top of the crushing chamber; and a discharge opening is formed in the bottom of the crushing chamber. With the adoption of a vertical structure, multiple groups of moving knives and stationary knives are mounted on the vertical rotating shaft in a combination manner, and household garbage is crushed by the multiple layer crushing mechanisms, so that the structure is compact, and the fine crushing degree on the household garbage is high.