The invention discloses a potato flat-planting mulching film self-breaking seedling emergence cultivation method. A seeding mode of drip irrigation under a flat-planting mulching film is adopted, a double-row planting mode is adopted in big ridges and small ridges, a small row spacing is 30 to 35 cm, a large row spacing is 55 to 60 cm, a planting distance is 32 to 38 cm, the seeding density is 52500 to 60000 plants per hm<2>, drip irrigation pipes are laid among small row spacings, the seeding time is in early May, when the soil temperature in the soil depth of 10 cm reaches 8 to 10 DEG C, sowing can be performed, and the seeding depth is 6 to 12 cm. According to the method that soil fully covers the mulching film after seeding, the fertilizer and water conditions of the soil are effectively improved, the mulching film is prevented from being broken by strong wind in the spring, and the effect of inhibiting grass growth in bed surfaces is achieved. Compared with a method without covering soil and with manual film breaking, the soil temperature can be increased for 2 to 3 DEG C, the soil moisture content is increased by 6 to 13%, the emergence of seedlings is advanced for about 5 to 7 days, and the harvest time can be advanced for about 7 to 12 days. Additionally, potatoes can break the film and unearthed by self, and manual film breaking and seedling putting is not needed, so that the labor input is greatly reduced.