The invention discloses a novel energy conservation and environment protection process for realizing the mutualistic symbiosis of a straw pulping and papermaking industry and a waste lead-acid cell recycling industry. According to the alkaline characteristic of the straw pulping sewage, the acidic characteristic of the waste lead-acid cell recycling sewage, and the condition of the coupling utilization space of the after heat, the energy conservation and environment protection process for realizing the mutualistic symbiosis for comprehensive coupling processing the acid-alkali wastewater and complementarily using the heat energy is provided. By adopting the process, the pollution abatement cost and the difficulty of the two industries can be greatly reduced, the energy complementary utilization is realized and the mutualistic symbiosis of two industries is obtaind. By adopting the process, the complementary utilization of the energy sources of two distant related industries is realized, the alkaline black liquid generated by the straw pulping industry and the leaded acidic wastewater generated by the regenerated lead industry can be completely recycled and utilized, so that the problem of high processing cost of the sewages in two industries can be solved and the economic benefits of two industries can be effectively increased.