The invention belongs to the technical field of persistent refractory organic pollutant treatment for environmental protection and relates to a method for promoting anaerobic fermentation degradation of estrogen NP (nonyl phenol) in sludge. The method comprises steps as follows: adding sludge containing the estrogen NP to an anaerobic reactor, adjusting the anaerobic fermentation pH value of the sludge to enable the sludge to be alkaline, adding a surfactant, controlling the fermentation temperature, performing stirring to enable a reaction system to be evenly mixed, and leaving the reaction system to stand for a period. With the adoption of the method, anaerobic degradation of the estrogen NP in the sludge can be effectively promoted, pollution caused by the estrogen to the environment can be reduced, a foundation is laid for land utilization after anaerobic digestion of the sludge, and meanwhile, the method has important guidance and reference significance in removal of other refractory organic pollutants in the sludge.