An air gun source signal acquisition device comprises a closed box. The box can be placed underwater or in an indoor standard cabinet, a central control module, a first ignition signal acquisition module, a communication input selection module, a second ignition signal acquisition module, an auxiliary signal acquisition module and a communication output selection module are arranged in the box, the first ignition signal acquisition module, the communication input selection module, the second ignition signal acquisition module, the auxiliary signal acquisition module and the communication output selection module are respectively connected with the central control module, the device is provided with two or more than two input communication circuits and two or more than two output communication circuits, one input communication circuit is used while the other input communication circuits are standby, one output communication circuit is used while the other output communication circuits are standby. The device is simple, small in size and flexible, can be placed near an air gun source for acquisition, the length of a connecting cable is shortened, so that the distortion degree of signals is reduced, the double input communication circuits are automatically switched, and the double output communication circuits can be controlled.